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Bottling Canning & Packaging Equipment globally 1997

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Water quality report 水质报告

Water quality report 水质报告

饮用水常规指标:

1. 微生物:----------------------------

总大肠菌群(MPN/100mL或CFU/100mL) 不得检出

耐热大肠菌群(MPN/100mL或CFU/100mL) 不得检出

大肠埃希氏菌(MPN/100mL或CFU/100mL) 不得检出

菌落总数(CFU/mL) 100

毒理指标:

砷(mg/L) 0.01

镉(mg/L) 0.005

铬(六价,mg/L) 0.05

铅(mg/L) 0.01

汞(mg/L) 0.001

硒(mg/L) 0.01

氰化物(mg/L) 0.05

氟化物 Fluoride (mg/L) 1.0

硝酸盐 Nitrate (以N计,mg/L) 10

三氯甲烷(mg/L) 0.06

四氯化碳(mg/L) 0.002

亚氯酸盐(使用二氧化氯消毒时,mg/L) 0.7

氯酸盐(使用复合二氧化氯消毒时,mg/L) 0.7

 

2. 化学指标---------------------------------------

色度 Colour(铂钴色度单位) 15

浑浊度(NTU-散射浊度单位) 1

水源与净水技术条件限制时为 3

臭和味 无异味 肉眼可见物 无

 

PH (PH单位) 6.5<PH≤ 8.5

硫酸盐 Sulphate/ sulfaten(mg/L) ≤250

sodium 钠离子 Na+  (mg/L)≤200

potassiumn 钾离子 K+ (mg/L) ≤50

Calcium 钙离子 Ca+ (mg/L) ≤150

氯化物 CL+ Chloride(mg/L) ≤ 250

Magnesinum 镁离子Mg+ (mg/L) ≤50

Total minerals  溶解性总固体 TDS(mg/L) ≤1000

 

铝离子 Aluminium  Al+(mg/L) ≤0.2 

铁 Iron (mg/L)≤ 0.3 

锰(mg/L)≤ 0.1

铜(mg/L) ≤1.0

锌(mg/L) ≤1.0

 

溶解氧 Dissolved Oxygen : 7.5Mg/L – 2 mg/L 

总硬度 TH (以CaCO3计,mg/L) ≤ 450

 

3. 放射性--------------------------------

总α放射性(Bq/L) 0.5

总β放射性(Bq/L) 1

氯气及游离氯制剂(游离氯,mg/L) 至少30min 4 ≥0.3 ≥0.05

一氯胺(总氯,mg/L) 至少120min 3 ≥0.5 ≥0.05

臭氧(O3,mg/L) 至少12min 0.3 0.02

总氯≥0.05

二氧化氯(ClO2,mg/L) 至少 30min 0.8 ≥0.1 ≥0.02

 

当水质比较硬,含各种离子比较多的时候,用以下方法去除:

When the water quality is relatively hard and contains various ions, it is removed by the following methods:

 

1. 离子交换树脂法

• 原理:利用离子交换树脂与水中的钙、镁离子进行交换反应,将钙、镁离子吸附在树脂上,释放出钠离子或氢离子等,从而软化水质。

• 适用情况:常用于工业和家庭的小型水处理系统,可有效去除钙、镁离子,出水水质稳定,但树脂需要定期再生。

2. 反渗透法

• 原理:在压力作用下,使水通过半透膜,而钙、镁离子等杂质被截留,从而达到除盐和去除钙、镁离子的目的。

• 适用情况:广泛应用于家用纯水机和工业纯水制备,除盐率高,能有效去除各种离子,但设备成本和运行成本相对较高。

3. 药剂软化法

• 原理:向水中加入纯碱等药剂,与钙、镁离子发生化学反应,生成沉淀,从而降低钙、镁离子浓度。

• 适用情况:适用于大型水处理厂,可处理高硬度的水,但需要精确控制药剂投加量,且可能会产生一定量的污泥。

 

 

1. Ion exchange resin method

• Principle: The use of ion exchange resin and calcium, magnesium ions in water exchange reaction, calcium, magnesium ions adsorbed on the resin, release sodium ions or hydrogen ions, so as to soften the water quality.

• Application: Often used in industrial and domestic small water treatment system, can effectively remove calcium and magnesium ions, effluent water quality is stable, but the resin needs to be periodically regenerated.

2. Reverse osmosis

• Principle: Under the action of pressure, the water passes through the semi-permeable membrane, and impurities such as calcium and magnesium ions are trapped, so as to achieve the purpose of desalt and removal of calcium and magnesium ions.

• Application: Widely used in household pure water machine and industrial pure water preparation, high salt removal rate, can effectively remove various ions, but the equipment cost and operating costs are relatively high.

3. Chemical softening method

• Principle: Add lime, soda ash and other agents to the water, chemically react with calcium and magnesium ions, generate precipitation, thereby reducing the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions.

• Application: Suitable for large water treatment plants, can handle high hardness of water, but requires precise control of the dosage of agents, and may produce a certain amount of sludge.